OMB's influence has legal and institutional limits. The president's budget is a recommendation; Congress writes tax, authorization, and appropriations laws. OMB may apportion enacted budget authority across time to prevent agencies from spending too quickly, but it cannot cancel an appropriation or create money Congress never provided. Regulatory review can test an agency's analysis and consistency with administration policy, yet the agency holding statutory rulemaking authority remains responsible for the final action and record.

Suppose an environmental agency proposes a major rule and requests additional staff. OMB may ask for cost estimates, compare the rule with presidential priorities, and revise the budget request. OMB does not enact the appropriation or issue the environmental rule in the agency's name. Congress supplies spending authority, and the agency must act under its statute and required procedure.

Do not confuse OMB with the Congressional Budget Office. OMB serves the president and executive branch; CBO provides nonpartisan budget analysis to Congress. Nor is OMB the NSC: security coordination points toward the NSC, while presidential budgeting, management, and centralized regulatory review point toward OMB. OMB coordinates; it does not replace the responsible agency.

Video lesson: How Presidents Govern: Crash Course Government and Politics #14