Chemistry

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Oil-pastel comic of a curious sloth scientist examining an A-to-B equilibrium model: forward and reverse reactions continue at equal rates while concentrations can differ.

Chemical Equilibrium: Expressions, Q vs. K and Shifts

Understand chemical equilibrium, write equilibrium expressions, and compare Q with K. Follow a worked example and check six review questions.

Handmade comic of metal transferring 250 joules to water: metal heat is negative and water heat positive in an isolated model with container heat neglected.

Calorimetry and Heat: Calculate q and Choose Its Sign

Use calorimetry to calculate heat from mass, specific heat, and temperature change. Follow a water example, choose heat signs, and review six questions.

Hand-drawn toy factory analogy for limiting reactants: three car bodies and eight wheels make two four-wheel cars, leaving one unused body and no wheels.

Stoichiometry and Limiting Reactants: Calculate Yield

Hand-drawn reaction card with the balanced magnesium-oxygen equation holds combination and redox badges, showing that classifications describe different features.

Reaction Types and Redox: Oxidation, Reduction and Agents

Hand-painted owl compares empirical CH2O with molecular C6H12O6; the molar-mass ratio 180.18 divided by 30.03 gives a subscript multiplier of six.

Empirical and Molecular Formulas: Calculate Atom Ratios

Hand-drawn mole chemist magnifies one carbon dioxide molecule containing one carbon and two oxygen atoms; CO2 has molar mass 44.01 g/mol.

The Mole and Molar Mass: Convert Grams to Molecules