Income can supply money, schedule flexibility, transportation, stable housing, and access to institutions. It most directly affects donating, but it also changes the practical cost of finding information, taking time off, or reaching a polling place. Income does not dictate party choice. Economic interests, religion, occupation, race, region, and party coalitions can lead people with similar incomes to vote differently. Wealth, household income, and occupational status are related but distinct measures.

Education, income, and age can affect turnout through skills, resources, stability, habit, and recruitment. These mechanisms overlap, which is why a demographic coefficient should not be treated as a person's motive.

Video lesson: How Voters Decide: Crash Course Government and Politics #38