Nonresponse bias
Chapter 37 of the CLEP American Government study guide on Effortless Math covers Nonresponse bias: the key terms, the core ideas, and worked examples showing how this topic is tested on the exam.
CLEP American Government, Chapter 37
Nonresponse bias
Nonresponse bias can occur when people selected for a survey do not participate and the nonrespondents differ from respondents in a way related to the result. The problem is not simply that the final sample is smaller. It is that the people whose answers are missing may have answered differently from those who completed the interview.
Researchers try callbacks, reminders, mixed contact methods, language access, and incentives to improve response. They may weight completed interviews so known characteristics better match the population. Those steps help, but weighting cannot directly recover an unmeasured attitude shared by people who remain absent. A low response rate raises concern, while the actual direction and size of bias require evidence.
Keep nonresponse separate from undercoverage. Undercoverage means the sampling frame did not offer some people a chance to be selected. Nonresponse means selected people did not complete the survey. On a CLEP item, identify where the loss occurred. That single distinction usually reveals which survey error the scenario describes.
Video lesson: Science Behind the News: Opinion Polls & Random Sampling
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