Jurisdiction organizes expertise and gatekeeping. Members and staff repeatedly handle related agencies and statutes, enabling detailed review that the full chamber cannot perform. That specialization also gives a committee power to delay measures, frame alternatives, and shape the information available to colleagues.

Subcommittees can divide a broad jurisdiction, but the parent committee retains authority under chamber and committee rules. Hearings gather evidence; markup changes text; reporting sends a measure and explanation forward. None of these actions enacts law without floor approval and the remaining constitutional steps.

Committee preferences may differ from the chamber because membership is smaller and often self-selected by policy interest. Party leaders, discharge procedures, referrals, and floor amendments can sometimes overcome committee control. Treat gatekeeping as strong institutional leverage rather than an absolute veto.

Video lesson: Congressional Committees: Crash Course Government and Politics #7