Federal Income Tax Calculator 2026 (Brackets, Deductions & Refund)
Estimate your 2026 federal income tax from your filing status, income and deductions. The calculator applies the 2026 standard deduction and tax brackets (IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32), shows your tax bracket by bracket, and gives your marginal and effective rates. Example: a single filer earning $75,000 takes the $16,100 standard deduction, has $58,900 of taxable income, and owes about $7,670 in federal income tax.
Wages, self-employment and other taxable income.
401(k), HSA, traditional IRA, etc.
Leave 0 to use the standard deduction.
Child tax credit, education credits, etc.
Optional: to estimate your refund or balance due.
Show steps
How to use the Federal Income Tax Calculator
- Choose your filing status.
- Enter your gross income for the year and any pre-tax deductions such as 401(k) or HSA contributions.
- Leave itemized deductions at 0 to use the standard deduction, or enter your itemized total if it is larger.
- Add tax credits and the federal tax already withheld if you want a refund or balance-due estimate.
- Press Calculate to see taxable income, tax by bracket, and your effective and marginal rates.
Formula and method
U.S. income tax is progressive: each slice of taxable income is taxed at its own rate.
Taxable income = Gross income − Adjustments − Deduction
Tax = Σ (income in bracket × bracket rate) − Credits
Example, single filer, $75,000 income: taxable income = 75,000 − 16,100 = 58,900. Tax = 10% × 12,400 + 12% × 38,000 + 22% × 8,500 = 1,240 + 4,560 + 1,870 = $7,670. Effective rate = 7,670 / 75,000 = 10.2%.
2026 standard deduction and tax brackets
| Rate | Single | Married filing jointly | Head of household |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | up to $12,400 | up to $24,800 | up to $17,700 |
| 12% | to $50,400 | to $100,800 | to $67,450 |
| 22% | to $105,700 | to $211,400 | to $105,700 |
| 24% | to $201,775 | to $403,550 | to $201,750 |
| 32% | to $256,225 | to $512,450 | to $256,200 |
| 35% | to $640,600 | to $768,700 | to $640,600 |
| 37% | over $640,600 | over $768,700 | over $640,600 |
| Standard deduction | $16,100 | $32,200 | $24,150 |
Married filing separately uses the single thresholds up to the 35% bracket; its 37% bracket starts at $384,350.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of taxable income. Your effective rate is total tax divided by total income, so it is always lower because lower slices are taxed at lower rates.
Should I take the standard deduction or itemize?
Take whichever is larger. The calculator automatically uses your itemized total only when it exceeds the standard deduction for your filing status.
Does this include state tax or payroll taxes?
No. It estimates federal income tax only. Social Security (6.2%) and Medicare (1.45%) payroll taxes and state income taxes are separate.
Are these 2026 numbers final?
They come from the IRS inflation adjustments for tax year 2026, which apply to returns filed in 2027. Congress can change tax law, so check the IRS site before filing.
Sources
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