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Architectural pencil and watercolor comic connecting a tenement cutaway and garment workshop, an electric streetcar, suburban homes and water pipes, a housing investigator and a ward captain offering coal beside a ballot.

Tenements, Streetcar Suburbs, and Political Machines

Review tenements, streetcar suburbs and political machines for CLEP. Connect housing, transit, sanitation and reform with four practice questions.

Sepia brush-pen comic of Chinese immigrants holding family correspondence and residence records, a community legal advocate and U.S.-born child, folded immigration-law barriers, and a Catholic family and contract laborer.

Chinese Exclusion, Nativism, and Immigration Law

Study Chinese exclusion, nativism and immigration law for CLEP. Compare legal categories, family effects and enforcement with four practice questions.

Graphite and colored-pencil travel-journal comic contrasting a family inspection at Ellis Island with a Chinese immigrant’s detailed interview at Angel Island, joined by a steamship, letters, and luggage.

New Immigration, Ellis Island, and Angel Island

Hand-carved linocut comic showing railway and steel workers facing the different strikebreaking mechanisms of 1877, Homestead in 1892, and Pullman in 1894, including troops, barges, and a federal injunction.

The Great Strikes from 1877 through Pullman

Gouache and fountain-pen sketchbook comic comparing separate carpenter, printer, and machinist craft unions with an industrial railway union, its racial exclusion, and an inclusive Lawrence textile-worker meeting.

The AFL, Craft Unionism, Debs, and Industrial Unionism

Chalk-pastel comic of a Knights of Labor community assembly discussing cooperation and shorter hours, with separate scenes of Black labor organizing in 1869 and Atlanta washerwomen organizing in 1881.

The National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor

Blue-ink and watercolor comic of an interstate railway network unfolding across a rate ledger, an ICC commissioner, grain elevator, sugar refinery, courthouse doors, and a secret railroad rate concession.

The ICC, the Sherman Act, and the Limits of Early Regulation

Brush-pen comic centered on a stopwatch and a worker being timed at a fixed machine station, with craft work, women sewing and typing, household piecework, and a child beside textile spindles and a schoolbook.

Deskilling, Taylorism, Child Labor, and Women’s Wage Work

Violet-ink and watercolor comic of a Gilded Age public debate, with a balance scale comparing industrial wealth and public institutions, a philanthropist offering a library plan, and critics studying land and cooperative housing.

Social Darwinism, the Gospel of Wealth, and Their Critics

Hand-drawn industrial cutaway comic showing Carnegie’s integrated steel operations, Rockefeller’s oil refineries and transport network, and Morgan’s financial reorganization and board control, with workers and railways connecting the systems.

Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Business Consolidation

Hand-drawn chalk comic comparing horizontal ownership of rival refineries with vertical ownership of a mine, railway, steel furnace, and sales depot, plus investors transferring control to trustees.

Corporations, Trusts, and Vertical versus Horizontal Integration

Indigo-ink and gouache comic connecting steel production, a refrigerated freight train, telephone operators, electric streetcars, a generating station, and a rural family choosing goods from a mail-order catalog.

The Second Industrial Revolution and the National Market

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