Order of Operations (PEMDAS): Why It Matters and How to Master It

Why do mathematicians do operations in a specific order? Because without an agreed-upon order, the same expression could mean two completely different things. PEMDAS (or BODMAS, depending on the country) is the rulebook everyone agrees to. Let’s get it down cold.

What PEMDAS stands for

• Parentheses (including brackets and braces)
• Exponents (and roots)
• Multiplication and Division (from left to right)
• Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)

The most important thing: M and D are equal in priority. A and S are equal in priority. Don’t always do multiplication before division, go left to right.

A clean example

Evaluate \(3 + 4 \times (2 + 5)^2 – 6 \div 3\).

1. Parentheses: \((2+5) = 7\). Now: \(3 + 4 \times 7^2 – 6 \div 3\).
2. Exponents: \(7^2 = 49\). Now: \(3 + 4 \times 49 – 6 \div 3\).
3. Multiply and divide left to right: \(4 \times 49 = 196\); \(6 \div 3 = 2\). Now: $3 + 196 – 2$.
4. Add and subtract left to right: \(3 + 196 = 199\); \(199 – 2 = 197\).

A tricky example

What’s \(8 \div 2(2 + 2)\)?

This famous internet argument splits because of style, but with standard PEMDAS:

1. \((2+2) = 4\).
2. \(8 \div 2 \times 4\) (the implicit multiplication is treated as multiplication).
3. Left to right: \(8 \div 2 = 4\), then \(4 \times 4 = 16\).

The answer is 16 under standard PEMDAS.

Common mistakes

• Doing all multiplication before any division. M and D are equal, go left to right.
• Forgetting that \(-3^2 = -9\) (the exponent applies to the 3, not the negative). To square a negative, use parentheses: \((-3)^2 = 9\).
• Skipping parentheses on negative numbers in formulas.

FAQ

Is PEMDAS the same as BODMAS?

Yes, same rules, different acronym. (BODMAS = Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction.)

Are multiplication and division done in a specific order?

No. They’re equal priority. Go left to right.

Why does \(-3^2 = -9\) but \((-3)^2 = 9\)?

The exponent attaches only to what’s directly to its left. Without parentheses, the minus is applied after the squaring.

Does PEMDAS apply to algebra?

Yes. It applies to every expression in math, from elementary school onward.

Extra study tips that move the needle

Most students don’t fail because the math is too hard. They fail because their practice habits are inefficient. Here are the habits that separate the students who improve fast from those who stall.

Practice with a timer. Untimed practice teaches you to eventually get the right answer; timed practice teaches you to get it in test conditions. Set a stopwatch every time you sit down. Aim for 90 seconds per question on most standardized tests.

Keep an error log. A simple spreadsheet with three columns, Problem, My answer, Correct answer, Why I missed it, is the single most powerful study tool ever invented. Review your error log weekly. The same mistakes show up again and again until you name them.

Mix topics every session. Doing 20 problems on the same topic feels productive, but spaced and interleaved practice, mixing topics, builds retrieval skills, which is what the test actually measures. Spend 70% of your time on mixed sets and only 30% on isolated drills.

Sleep on it. Memory consolidation happens during sleep. A 30-minute session the night before a quiz, followed by 7+ hours of sleep, beats a 3-hour cram session that ends at midnight. This is settled cognitive science.

Teach the topic out loud. If you can’t explain it, you don’t fully know it. Either record yourself, write a one-paragraph “how I’d teach this” explanation, or grab a friend to listen. Teaching exposes the gaps your problem sets hid.

When to ask for help

Spinning your wheels for more than 15 minutes on a single problem is a signal, not of failure, but of a missing piece of background. Stop, mark the problem, and either ask a teacher, post in our community, or watch a video on the relevant subtopic. Resuming after gaining the missing piece is much more efficient than guessing your way forward.

A quick self-assessment

Before you close this tab, answer these three questions honestly:

1. What’s the one topic in this article you understood best?
2. What’s the one topic that still feels fuzzy?
3. What concrete next step (a worksheet, a practice test, a video) will you take in the next 48 hours?

Writing those answers down, even just in a notes app, has been shown to roughly double the chance you actually follow through. Treat the next 48 hours as a small, doable experiment, not a marathon. Your future test-day self will thank you.

A deeper dive into common questions

The questions students ask after reading an article like this one tend to cluster. Here are the most useful ones, and short, direct answers.

What is order of operations in math? Order of operations is the agreed set of rules for which part of an expression to do first: parentheses, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right. It makes sure everyone gets the same answer. For 3 + 4 × (2 + 5)² − 6 ÷ 3, following the order gives 197.

Is order of operations and PEMDAS the same thing? PEMDAS is just a memory aid for the order of operations. BODMAS and BEDMAS teach the exact same rules with different words, such as brackets for parentheses and orders for exponents. The letters can mislead: M comes before D in PEMDAS, but multiplication and division are equal, so you work them from left to right as they appear.

Is order of operations left to right? Partly. You always handle parentheses first and exponents next. Within multiplication and division, you go left to right, and within addition and subtraction you also go left to right. So 20 − 6 + 2 equals 16, not 12, because the subtraction comes first reading left to right. Likewise, 12 ÷ 3 × 2 equals 8, not 2.

How do you remember the order of operations? Many students use the phrase Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally for PEMDAS. To avoid the most common trap, picture it as four levels instead of six letters: parentheses, exponents, multiplication or division, and addition or subtraction. Writing each step on its own line, as in 3 + 196 − 2 = 199 − 2 = 197, also keeps the order clear.

How do you do order of operations with fractions? Use the same order, treating each fraction as a number. For 1/2 + 3/4 × 2/3, multiply first: 3/4 × 2/3 = 6/12 = 1/2. Then add: 1/2 + 1/2 = 1. A fraction bar also acts like parentheses, so in (8 + 4)/2 you add the top first to get 12, then divide by 2 to get 6.

What grade is order of operations taught? Most U.S. students first meet order of operations around grade 5, when they evaluate expressions with parentheses. In grade 6 it expands to include exponents, and in grade 7 it covers negative numbers and fractions. It keeps showing up through algebra, where a mistake like treating −3² as 9 instead of −9 can throw off an entire problem.

A short worked example you can copy

Here’s a typical worked example pattern that applies to many problems in this article’s topic:

1. Identify the question. What exactly is being asked? Underline it.
2. Identify the given information. What numbers and relationships are you handed?
3. Pick the relevant formula or rule. From your toolkit, which one connects the given info to the question?
4. Plug in carefully. Write each substitution explicitly. Don’t do steps in your head.
5. Simplify. Reduce fractions, combine like terms, simplify radicals.
6. Verify. Plug your answer back into the original setup. Does it make sense?

This 6-step pattern handles roughly 80% of problems you’ll see in middle-school, high-school, and standardized-test math.

Mini-glossary

A few terms that come up repeatedly in this topic and its neighbors:

• Variable. A letter (often \(x\) or \(y\)) that stands in for an unknown number.
• Coefficient. The number multiplying a variable. In $3x$, the coefficient is 3.
• Expression. A combination of numbers, variables, and operations, without an equals sign. Example: $3x + 5$.
• Equation. Two expressions joined by an equals sign. Example: \(3x + 5 = 14\).
• Inequality. Two expressions joined by $<$, $>$, \(\le\), or \(\ge\).
• Solution. A value (or set of values) of the variable that makes an equation or inequality true.
• Evaluate. Substitute a number for the variable and simplify to a single value.
• Simplify. Rewrite the expression in its cleanest equivalent form.

Internalize this vocabulary. Test questions assume you know it.

Your next 7 days

If this article inspired you to act, here’s a small, doable 7-day plan:

• Day 1. Re-read the worked examples. Try them with the page covered.
• Day 2. Do a 15-minute warm-up of related practice problems.
• Day 3. Take a short timed quiz. Score yourself.
• Day 4. Review your misses. Write one sentence about each.
• Day 5. Do a mixed practice set blending this topic with two others.
• Day 6. Rest, or do a light review.
• Day 7. Take a longer timed practice set and track your progress.

Seven days is enough to feel a real shift. Two or three of those cycles, and the topic moves from “hard” to “easy.”

One last reminder

Progress in math compounds. A 1% improvement every day for 100 days yields nearly a 3x improvement overall, because each new concept builds on the last. The students who pull ahead aren’t the ones who study the longest. They’re the ones who study consistently, review their mistakes, and refuse to skip the foundations. Show up tomorrow. Then show up the day after. The results take care of themselves.

If you found something useful here, save this article and revisit it after your next practice session. You’ll catch nuances on the second read that you missed on the first, because by then you’ll have the experience to recognize them. Happy practicing.

How can I help my child remember PEMDAS?

The mnemonic “Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally” is the classic. Pair it with practice problems daily.

Want to check an answer? Try our PEMDAS calculator, which shows each step in order.