How to Know the Difference Between Correlation and Causation
TL;DR: Ice cream sales and shark attacks both spike in July — but ice cream doesn’t cause shark attacks. That’s the classic correlation-versus-causation trap in one example. Correlation just means two variables move together. Causation means one actually changes the other. A real correlation can come from a true cause, reverse causation, a lurking variable […]
Matching a Model with a Ratio
Matching a Model with a Ratio: Several methods are used to represent ratios: Writing a ratio as a fraction is the most commonplace method. For example…
