AP U.S. Government topic quiz4 questions

3.11 Government Responses to Social Movements

Choose the best answer, check your reasoning, and use the explanation to correct any gap.

Question 1

Question 1 of 4

A privately owned interstate motel refuses rooms to guests because of race. No government participated in the refusal. Which legal route most directly reaches the conduct?

The Equal Protection Clause ordinarily requires state action, but Title II prohibits racial discrimination by covered public accommodations, including covered motels. A business license alone does not make the refusal governmental action; Title VII concerns employment, the Fair Housing Act does not convert every temporary stay into a residential transaction, and the Voting Rights Act concerns voting.
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C. Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, if the motel falls within its coverage

The Equal Protection Clause ordinarily requires state action, but Title II prohibits racial discrimination by covered public accommodations, including covered motels. A business license alone does not make the refusal governmental action; Title VII concerns employment, the Fair Housing Act does not convert every temporary stay into a residential transaction, and the Voting Rights Act concerns voting.

Question 2

Question 2 of 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes the Voting Rights Act mechanisms discussed in this chapter?

Section 5 required covered jurisdictions to obtain advance federal approval before implementing voting changes, and a separate coverage formula determined which jurisdictions were covered. Shelby County invalidated that formula, making the old preclearance system inoperative unless Congress supplies a valid formula; Section 2 remains a nationwide prohibition enforced through case-specific litigation.
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D. Section 5 preclearance used a coverage formula to require advance federal approval in covered jurisdictions, while Section 2 supplies a nationwide rule that can be enforced through litigation

Section 5 required covered jurisdictions to obtain advance federal approval before implementing voting changes, and a separate coverage formula determined which jurisdictions were covered. Shelby County invalidated that formula, making the old preclearance system inoperative unless Congress supplies a valid formula; Section 2 remains a nationwide prohibition enforced through case-specific litigation.

Question 3

Question 3 of 4

What did Allen v. Milligan decide about Alabama's congressional map?

Allen affirmed the lower court's conclusion that Alabama's map likely violated Section 2 under the framework applied in that case. It did not restore Section 5 preclearance, guarantee proportional representation, remove districting from Section 2, or replace the statute with a different constitutional action. Chapter 57 explains the current districting framework.
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A. It affirmed the likely Section 2 violation under the established vote-dilution framework without restoring preclearance

Allen affirmed the lower court's conclusion that Alabama's map likely violated Section 2 under the framework applied in that case. It did not restore Section 5 preclearance, guarantee proportional representation, remove districting from Section 2, or replace the statute with a different constitutional action. Chapter 57 explains the current districting framework.

Question 4

Question 4 of 4

Students deliberately remain seated at a segregated lunch counter, peacefully refuse an order to leave, and accept the risk of arrest while publicizing the unequal rule. The tactic is best understood as

Civil disobedience is deliberate, principled lawbreaking used to expose injustice and appeal to public judgment while accepting legal risk. A lawful protest does not deliberately breach a rule, a boycott works through organized economic nonparticipation, and the facts expressly include both an intentional violation and an appeal to public judgment rather than mere symbolic or spontaneous noncompliance.
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B. civil disobedience because principled lawbreaking is being used to expose injustice and mobilize support

Civil disobedience is deliberate, principled lawbreaking used to expose injustice and appeal to public judgment while accepting legal risk. A lawful protest does not deliberately breach a rule, a boycott works through organized economic nonparticipation, and the facts expressly include both an intentional violation and an appeal to public judgment rather than mere symbolic or spontaneous noncompliance.

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